Hybrid Cars is a vehicle using several different sources of energy to move. Generally referred to hybrid engine in the case of the combination of a combustion engine and an electric motor. However the use of a fuel cell in a vehicle also causes its association with a device for storing electric reversible, thereby realizing an architecture hybrid electrochemical / electric instead of an hybrid thermal / electric. It is famous because of its low emission, even so much lower than EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) recommended level.
The operating principle of Hybrid Cars:
- During the stationary phase (where the vehicle is stationary), both engines are stopped;
- At start-up, the electric motor which provides the setting in motion of the car to higher speeds (25 or 30 km / h);
- When higher speeds are reached, the engine takes over;
- If high acceleration, we observe the start of two motors at once, which allows for acceleration equivalent to the same engine power, or even higher;
- In decelerating and braking, kinetic energy is used to recharge the batteries.
Given the three different types of operation, the choice of scheme is generally entrusted to the onboard computer. However, the conversion of kinetic energy into electrical energy during braking phases is not available on all hybrid cars, the purchase of machinery not having this feature is less profitable than their competitors over conventional car.
The first Hybrid Cars to be placed on the mass market is the Toyota Prius in late 1997 in Japan (in a version never sold outside the archipelago), followed by the 2-seater coupe Honda Insight in 1999, which was also exported to the United States and some other countries. The third version of the Prius (model NHW20) was awarded the European Car of the Year in 2005. In 2008, Toyota had sold one million copies of his Prius.
In 2007, Toyota has with its new Camry hybrid cars also won several major prize in the automotive world. Motor Trend awarded them with the price of cars for the 2007 Camry and the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada granted the Camry hybrid cars as the 2007 Canadian Car of the Year. The Canadian Automobile Association has awarded them the coveted prize: 2007 CAA Pyramid for environmental initiatives.
Lexus, the premium brand of Toyota sells sedans and 4×4 Hybrid Cars. Some of them gained high praise in many country, such as LS600h, RX450h and GS450h. Without approaching the success of the Prius, Honda sells for several years a hybrid version called the IMA Honda Civic. Other manufacturers have also released hybrid cars model but with market share more marginal (Mazda, General Motors, Renault …). In France, the most notable effort was Renault, which produced thousands of hybrid cars. Oil crisis and ecological constraints oblige, many automakers have announced plans to major research in this area, including General Motors, which is associated in this area with Mercedes and BMW, Ford has acquired the technology from Toyota for first generation and more recently PSA Peugeot Citroën, which has partnered with several major OEMs and a French SME, to produce the first hybrid diesel-electric, as part of a major development program supported by the Agency for Innovation Industrial.
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